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USAID Research Grants

Department of Food and Nutrition: What you need to understand

Health and Fitness ? Published: September 5, 2012

It makes a person?s day to day life, the issue of food and nutrition is considered to be one of the most critical part of a successful society. It is supported entirely by the referee, and various government agencies to integrate food and nutrition-related concerns in the United States did not understand it.
U.S. Department of Education: A Comprehensive Review

Reference and Education: Financial Aid ? Published: September 5, 2012

In the United States, the most efficient and functional education system prides itself as one of the top countries. In the United States has continued to improve the country?s educational efforts.
Within the United States Department of Science and Technology, Government Grants

Published Systems and Technology ?: August 28, 2012

The United States prides itself as one of the world?s most technically advanced countries. The generation of very large state-in the art laboratories and strengthen, the U.S. government continues to support the country?s science and technology sector and are looking for ways to improve.
Government subsidies in the United States in the field of natural resources

Reference and Education ? Published: August 27, 2012

From the United States rainforest, a country full of natural beauties, rivers, lakes, sea, sweet, and whatnot. , Continued support, and to work together properly, the natural resources that people can work and financial environment it should be l economic and industry.
Government subsidies in the transport sector within the United States

Legal: Published Transport Act ?: August 17, 2012

Point B is a potential human being ever to grace the simplest and most complex problems can be retrieved from the point. The government, particularly the security and welfare of the people continue to take pride in the government of the United States, the traffic problem is completely different.
Government subsidies in the U.S. Department of Health

Health and Fitness ? Published: July 31, 2012

Health or health problem in the United States seriously considered. 300 million people in the U.S. state of physical and psychological integrity and security to maintain a population of people continue to run a tight ship.
Government subsidies in the U.S. housing sector

Home Improvement ? Published: July 24, 2012

The great importance of the safety and welfare of the people of the United States government provides. All residents have access to the U.S., the price of safe, quality housing opportunities for recognition of need, it?s rich, low-or moderate-income individuals can be.
Minority Community Clinical Oncology Program Committees

Health and Fitness ? Published: June 14, 2012

Commonly referred to as the National Institutes of Health NIH, biomedical and health-related primarily responsible for supporting the Department of Health and Human Services under the authority of the United States is a federal government entity operating in the country studies. NIH grant projects, and magnanimously all the ?basic life processes to improve health, knowledge, and knowledge about the nature and behavior for application engineering assistance benefit is the primary purpose of the company, prolong life and reduce the burden of disease ??
Business Development Award for Cancer Peer Review Programme

Reference and Education ? Published: June 12, 2012

Commonly referred to as the DA military department, authority, in accordance with the direction of all affairs of the Department, is conducting a defense based on the U.S. Department of Defense Secretary of the Central Government control of the company is operating. The grants and projects as well DA ?on the line, by providing a sustained land dominance fight and win our nation?s wars are designed to contribute to the success of its basic structure to support the full spectrum of conflict and range of military operations ?
National Integrated Water Quality Program

News and Society: Environmental ? Published: May 30, 2012

Institute of Food and Agriculture, or NIFA, federal ? are responsible for consolidating the country?s leading provider of agricultural education in the United States Department of Agriculture in the Central Government referred to the research firm.
Physicochemical properties of the effect of ocular bioavailability plan Ophthalmic Formulations

Health and Fitness ? Published: May 23, 2012

Otherwise, the FDA referred to as, the Food and Drug Administration, the Health Department and the Public Health Security and development are primarily responsible for the human services under a federal government entity is food safety, tobacco products, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and over the-counter drug Drug Control and Supervision . FDA, grants and programs, ?FDA compliance of controlled substances to increase consumer protection and improve public health and reduce the risks associated with the primary production company geared toward mission accomplishment.? ?
World food security competition in the common bean production Research Grants Program

Business ? Published: April 26, 2012

NIFA commonly referred to as the Institute of Food and Agriculture, 2008 Food, Conservation, and Energy Act is a federal government entity is created under. All confirm the same time, a long ?to stimulate research and technological innovation in the financing of U.S. agricultural enhance its high production capacity and stable environment to the overall objective benefit to help with grants and NIFA projects, agricultural production and economic stability.? This project, Food and Agricultural Institute and the. ..
Special Research Grants Program ? Pest Management Change

Home and Family ? Published: April 25, 2012

Institute of Food and Agriculture, as often NIFA, food, security, and created under the 2008 Energy Act is a federal government agency.Special Research Grants Program was established by the Institute of Food and Agriculture ? Pest ?
To fight Autism Act: National Resource Centre for interdisciplinary training

Health and Fitness: Published mental health ?: April 17, 2012

HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration and the public, to improve health care services, the Department of Health and Human Services in the United States that is significant to a federal government organization is operating, insurance, isolated or medically vulnerable people. Subsidies and ?to improve the health and quality of services, access to a skilled health work force and innovative programs in the health system?s main purpose is to bring all HRSA programs toward success.?
Environmental Exposure and Health: Non-Traditional Systems of Innovation

Health and Fitness ? Published: April 11, 2012

Also known as the National Institutes of Health NIH, on the need for financial support to biomedical and health-related states in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has been operating under a federal government research organization. ?A simple way of life and health to improve knowledge about the nature and behavior of applications based on knowledge of the NIH program directed at all aware, long life, and to measure the burden of disease and disability.? This project, according to the National Education ?
Intellectual Disabilities program to improve the health of people

Health and Fitness: Healthcare Systems ? Published: April 5, 2012

Even the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC public health and safety by providing information that is overwhelmingly responsible for the defense of the United States Department of Health and Human Services in the running for a federal government entity by the state health department and with other organizations to raise health and the health. Subsidies and CDC efforts expertise, information, and tools to create that ?any company to join forces with other agencies to achieve the overall aim should be to protect the load and the communities themselves ?
Lifespan respite care program ? Technical Assistance Resource Center

Health and Fitness ? Published: April 3, 2012

Aging, commonly known in this contract, the administration, mainly responsible for conducting statistical learning that support the operation of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has been operating in the Central Government?s learning, and assessment programs to meet the needs of an aging population. Help older individuals, ?home and community-based service with a serious, integrated and cost-effective system of subsidies designed to help develop the skills of the entire project and the efforts of all the homes and communities to maintain their health and independence.? ?
Development of strategic alliances with drug treatment Drug Use Disorders Program

Health and Fitness ? Published: March 26, 2012

The so-called NIH National Institutes of Health, the most of all biomedical and health-related education and research in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is a company operating in a federal state. ?Basic life processes, and to improve knowledge about the nature and behavior for data usage NIH grant programs are designed to help primary benefit of the company and all the special health, prolong life, and to measure the burden of disease and disability.? By ?
Hearing Health Outcomes program identifies measures of success

Health and Fitness: Healthcare Systems ? Published: February 24, 2012

Also known as the NIH National Institutes of Health, is responsible for biomedical and health-related financial support to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has been operating in the country, a federal government research organization. H program and subsidies ?to extend, and improve the health of life, knowledge and data about the nature and behavior of applications geared towards the overall goal of success in life, in accordance with the work?. Reduce the burden of disease and disability, ?
Program to improve the quality of higher education in Vietnam

Reference and Education ? Published: February 15, 2012

Otherwise, USAID, the foreign aid in many countries around the world begin to civilian oversight of the U.S. federal government as an agent for the U.S. Agency for International Development.

Source: http://grantfoundation.net/usaid-research-grants

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Experts propose overhaul of ethics oversight of research

Public release date: 23-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Susan Gilbert
gilberts@thehastingscenter.org
845-424-4040 x244
The Hastings Center

Hastings Center Special Report aims to 'provoke a national conversation'

The longstanding ethical framework for protecting human volunteers in medical research needs to be replaced because it is outdated and can impede efforts to improve health care quality, assert leaders in bioethics, medicine, and health policy in two companion articles in a Hastings Center Report special report, "Ethical Oversight of Learning Health Care Systems." One of the authors calling for a new approach is the main architect of the current ethical framework.

Seven commentaries in the publication, written by leaders with national responsibility for ethical oversight of medical research and efforts to improve health care quality, find areas of agreement and offer critiques.

In an accompanying editorial, co-guest editors Mildred Z. Solomon, President of The Hastings Center and Ann C. Bonham, Chief Scientific Officer at the American Association of Medical Colleges, wrote that by inviting these commentaries, they aimed to "provoke a national conversation." According to Solomon, "The challenge is to design oversight that adequately protects patients without impeding the kinds of data collection activities we need to improve health care quality, reduce disparities, and bring down our rate of medical errors." (See video of Dr. Solomon on the importance of this debate.)

For nearly four decades, protection of human participants in medical research has been based on the premise that there is a clear line between medical research and medical treatment. But, the two feature articles argue, that distinction has become blurred now that health care systems across the country are beginning to collect data from patients when they come in for treatment or follow-up. The Institute of Medicine has recommended that health care organizations do this kind of research, calling on them to become "learning health care systems."

In particular, the articles challenge the prevailing view that participating in medical research is inherently riskier and provides less benefit than receiving medical care. They point out that more than half of medical treatments lack evidence of effectiveness, putting patients at risk of harm. On the other hand, some kinds of clinical research are no riskier than clinical care and are potentially more beneficial; an example is comparative effectiveness research to find out which of two or more widely used interventions for a particular condition works best for which patients.

"Relying on this faulty research-practice distinction as the criterion that triggers ethical oversight has resulted in two major problems," the authors write. First, it has led to "delays, confusion, and frustrations in the regulatory environment" when institutional review boards, which are responsible for the ethical oversight of research with human subjects, have difficulty distinguishing between research and clinical practice. Second, it has "resulted in a morally questionable public policy in which many patients are either underprotected from clinical practice risks (when exposed to interventions of unproven effectiveness or to risks of medical error) or overprotected from learning activities that are of low risk . . . and that stand to contribute to improving health care safety, effectiveness, and value."

The authors call for a new ethical framework that "is commensurate with the risk and burden in both realms." Their second article outlines such a framework for determining the type and level of oversight needed for a learning health care system. The basic structure consists of seven obligations: 1) to respect the rights and dignity of patients; 2) to respect the clinical judgment of clinicians; 3) to provide optimal care to each patient; 4) to avoid imposing nonclinical risks and burdens on patients; 5) to reduce health inequalities among populations; 6) to conduct responsible activities that foster learning from clinical care and clinical information; and 7) to contribute to the common purpose of improving the quality and value of clinical care and the health system. The first six obligations would be the responsibility of researchers, clinicians, health care systems administrators, payers, and purchasers. The seventh obligation would be borne by patients.

Authors of the feature articles are Nancy E. Kass, deputy director for public health in the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; Ruth R. Faden, director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; Steven N. Goodman, associate dean for clinical and translational research at the Stanford University School of Medicine; Peter Pronovost, director of the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality at Johns Hopkins; Sean Tunis, founder, president, and chief executive officer of the Center for Medical Technology Policy in Baltimore; and Tom L. Beauchamp, a professor of philosophy at Georgetown University and a senior research scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp was a chief architect of the Belmont Report, which established the existing research ethics framework in the United States.

The commentaries on the articles find common cause with the need to update clinical oversight for learning health care systems, but offer important critiques of the proposed framework. In particular, some hold that the research-treatment distinction is still useful and are concerned that the obligation for patients to participate in quality improvement efforts would exempt too many studies from voluntary informed consent and IRB protections.

###

The commentaries are written by Emily Largent, a PhD candidate in Harvard University's health policy program; Franklin Miller, who works in the department of bioethics at the National Institutes of Health; Steven Joffe, a pediatric hematologist/oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School; Jerry Menikoff, director of the Office for Human Research Protections; Christine Grady, chief of the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center; David Wendler, head of the Unit on Vulnerable Populations in the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center; Joe Selby, executive director of the Patient- Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Harlan Krumholz, director of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program at Yale University School of Medicine; Tom Puglisi, chief officer and director of the Office of Research Oversight in the Department of Veterans Affairs; and Joel Kupersmith, chief research and development officer of the Veterans' Health Administration.

Reporters wishing to interview Mildred Solomon, President, The Hastings Center, please contact:
Susan Gilbert, Public Affairs and Communications Manager
The Hastings Center
845-424-4040 x244
gilberts@thehastingscenter.org

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 23-Jan-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Susan Gilbert
gilberts@thehastingscenter.org
845-424-4040 x244
The Hastings Center

Hastings Center Special Report aims to 'provoke a national conversation'

The longstanding ethical framework for protecting human volunteers in medical research needs to be replaced because it is outdated and can impede efforts to improve health care quality, assert leaders in bioethics, medicine, and health policy in two companion articles in a Hastings Center Report special report, "Ethical Oversight of Learning Health Care Systems." One of the authors calling for a new approach is the main architect of the current ethical framework.

Seven commentaries in the publication, written by leaders with national responsibility for ethical oversight of medical research and efforts to improve health care quality, find areas of agreement and offer critiques.

In an accompanying editorial, co-guest editors Mildred Z. Solomon, President of The Hastings Center and Ann C. Bonham, Chief Scientific Officer at the American Association of Medical Colleges, wrote that by inviting these commentaries, they aimed to "provoke a national conversation." According to Solomon, "The challenge is to design oversight that adequately protects patients without impeding the kinds of data collection activities we need to improve health care quality, reduce disparities, and bring down our rate of medical errors." (See video of Dr. Solomon on the importance of this debate.)

For nearly four decades, protection of human participants in medical research has been based on the premise that there is a clear line between medical research and medical treatment. But, the two feature articles argue, that distinction has become blurred now that health care systems across the country are beginning to collect data from patients when they come in for treatment or follow-up. The Institute of Medicine has recommended that health care organizations do this kind of research, calling on them to become "learning health care systems."

In particular, the articles challenge the prevailing view that participating in medical research is inherently riskier and provides less benefit than receiving medical care. They point out that more than half of medical treatments lack evidence of effectiveness, putting patients at risk of harm. On the other hand, some kinds of clinical research are no riskier than clinical care and are potentially more beneficial; an example is comparative effectiveness research to find out which of two or more widely used interventions for a particular condition works best for which patients.

"Relying on this faulty research-practice distinction as the criterion that triggers ethical oversight has resulted in two major problems," the authors write. First, it has led to "delays, confusion, and frustrations in the regulatory environment" when institutional review boards, which are responsible for the ethical oversight of research with human subjects, have difficulty distinguishing between research and clinical practice. Second, it has "resulted in a morally questionable public policy in which many patients are either underprotected from clinical practice risks (when exposed to interventions of unproven effectiveness or to risks of medical error) or overprotected from learning activities that are of low risk . . . and that stand to contribute to improving health care safety, effectiveness, and value."

The authors call for a new ethical framework that "is commensurate with the risk and burden in both realms." Their second article outlines such a framework for determining the type and level of oversight needed for a learning health care system. The basic structure consists of seven obligations: 1) to respect the rights and dignity of patients; 2) to respect the clinical judgment of clinicians; 3) to provide optimal care to each patient; 4) to avoid imposing nonclinical risks and burdens on patients; 5) to reduce health inequalities among populations; 6) to conduct responsible activities that foster learning from clinical care and clinical information; and 7) to contribute to the common purpose of improving the quality and value of clinical care and the health system. The first six obligations would be the responsibility of researchers, clinicians, health care systems administrators, payers, and purchasers. The seventh obligation would be borne by patients.

Authors of the feature articles are Nancy E. Kass, deputy director for public health in the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; Ruth R. Faden, director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics; Steven N. Goodman, associate dean for clinical and translational research at the Stanford University School of Medicine; Peter Pronovost, director of the Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality at Johns Hopkins; Sean Tunis, founder, president, and chief executive officer of the Center for Medical Technology Policy in Baltimore; and Tom L. Beauchamp, a professor of philosophy at Georgetown University and a senior research scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp was a chief architect of the Belmont Report, which established the existing research ethics framework in the United States.

The commentaries on the articles find common cause with the need to update clinical oversight for learning health care systems, but offer important critiques of the proposed framework. In particular, some hold that the research-treatment distinction is still useful and are concerned that the obligation for patients to participate in quality improvement efforts would exempt too many studies from voluntary informed consent and IRB protections.

###

The commentaries are written by Emily Largent, a PhD candidate in Harvard University's health policy program; Franklin Miller, who works in the department of bioethics at the National Institutes of Health; Steven Joffe, a pediatric hematologist/oncologist at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School; Jerry Menikoff, director of the Office for Human Research Protections; Christine Grady, chief of the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center; David Wendler, head of the Unit on Vulnerable Populations in the Department of Bioethics at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center; Joe Selby, executive director of the Patient- Centered Outcomes Research Institute; Harlan Krumholz, director of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program at Yale University School of Medicine; Tom Puglisi, chief officer and director of the Office of Research Oversight in the Department of Veterans Affairs; and Joel Kupersmith, chief research and development officer of the Veterans' Health Administration.

Reporters wishing to interview Mildred Solomon, President, The Hastings Center, please contact:
Susan Gilbert, Public Affairs and Communications Manager
The Hastings Center
845-424-4040 x244
gilberts@thehastingscenter.org

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/thc-epo012313.php

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Video: Matthews: We, the people, not ?them? or ?those?

'Getting worse': Egypt's gays fear crackdown

??CAIRO, Egypt -- The 2011 revolution which ousted Hosni Mubarak left many of Egypt's gays and lesbians hoping sexual freedom was on the horizon. But today, many fear a government crackdown is only a matter of time.

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/hardball/50554151/

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Research into Contagious Bird Flu Starts After Moratorium

After public outcry against research into avian flu strains that can be transmitted among mammals, 40 of the top scientists working on the influenza strains signed a voluntary moratorium on research last January. The goal of the pause was to properly--and publically--weigh the potential risks and benefits of such investigations.

Critics of the research noted that the viruses under study--versions of the form known as H5N1--could be used as a bioweapon or might accidentally escape from a lab. Research supporters argued that without this research we could be caught unprepared if a pandemic were to emerge naturally and we did not know how to detect or fight it.

Now the same 40 signatories have pronounced that the work on H5N1 transmissibility should recommence in nations where it is permitted. The announcement was made public online January 23 jointly in the journals Science and Nature (Scientific American is part of Nature Publishing Group). The U.S. has still not ruled on the fate of the research by labs in this country or by those receiving U.S. funding. But investigators in the Netherlands, Canada, China and elsewhere can now return to their studies of how H5N1 could mutate to create a human pandemic. "We fully acknowledge that this research--as with any work on infectious agents--is not without risk," the signatories noted in their open letter. "However, because the risk exists in nature that an H5N1 virus capable of transmission in mammals may emerge, the benefits of this research outweigh the risks." H5N1 is currently a threat for birds around the world. Should it become transmissible among humans, it has the potential to become a deadly global pandemic. Flu researcher Ron Fouchier, of the Erasmus Medical Center in the Netherlands, announced in September 2011 at an influenza meeting in Malta that he and his colleagues had created a strain of H5N1 that was transmissible among ferrets, the best animal model we have to study flu. By that winter, news of the development had spread, and concerned researchers, policy makers and public called for such research to end. Fouchier and others have argued that this sort of research--when conducted under proper security conditions, such as in labs designated biosecurity level three-enhanced--is necessary to learn how to detect an emerging pandemic and to create the drugs and vaccines to diminish its ferocity. And the risk of details from the research being used for malicious purposes are quite small, he noted in a press conference about the decision to lift the voluntary research moratorium. Details of the ferret studies were published--after much debate--in June 2012. The strain of H5N1 from the ferret studies needed only nine genetic mutations to transform from the standard avian flu into an infection that could be transmitted easily--say, via a sneeze--among ferrets. "Nine mutations for the influenza virus is almost none," Yoshihiro Kawaoka, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, noted during the press conference. Two mutations have already been circulating in wild strains, "so that risk already exists in nature," he noted. Knowing what mutations the virus needs to become transmissible among mammals should help improve surveillance, Fouchier noted during the press conference, fighting back a cough. "We can already use it to define the mutations that cause it to become airborne," he said. Further research could also improve drug development. "With these viruses in hand, we can better identify vaccines and drugs," he noted. Without being able to study H5N1 pandemic strains specifically, researchers are confined to using seasonal strains and avian influenza to test potential vaccines and antivirals. And different strains respond differently to various treatment and prevention measures. "You want to choose the right strain for better protection," Kawaoka added. While many researchers across the globe prepare to resume research on H5N1 transmission, others, such as Kawaoka, wait with baited breath for the U.S. government to make a decision on whether and/or how it will allow--and fund--such research. "It's in their hands," Kawaoka said. Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/research-contagious-bird-flu-starts-moratorium-180000946.html

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Redesigned Umbrella Handle For Those Who Refuse To Stop Texting When It Rains

If you've ever tried to frustratingly juggle your phone and umbrella like some hapless idiot in an infomercial, you can rest assured there's at least one other person who's been in the same situation. But instead of grumbling about it, they went and created the Brolly: an umbrella with a redesigned handle that makes it easier to text in a downpour. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/6qFGgKURmS4/redesigned-umbrella-handle-for-those-who-refuse-to-stop-texting-when-it-rains

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Spotify Aims To Get In Tune With The Youth Market With Orange Young In Switzerland

Spotify today took another small step to tighten up competition in the European market today: it signed a deal with Orange to offer unlimited music services as part of "Orange Young," a special subscription that Orange has devised specifically for the under-27 market in Switzerland. The tariff also includes unlimited calls and texts as well as mobile data allowances, with deals starting at $20 per month without a handset included (or $30 with selected handsets).

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/VBOewBEIwok/

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5 Questions to Ask about Marriage Readiness | Marriage Gems

If you ask 10 people about what issues are most important in being ready for marriage, you will get 10 answers. That being said, some issues/questions will come up more frequently. Analyzing your motivations and timing for marriage is definitely worth your time and attention. Author Grace Pamer was nice enough to offer her take on 5 questions you should ask yourself if you are considering marriage (below). I would suggest there are other issues which you already know are key to marriage?things like similar values, discussing whether you want to have children, determining if you have a similar vision for life, and things of this sort.

While some couples want to be more settled before marriage (in career, education, financially, etc.), others are more willing to figure out the journey together. My husband was hoping to have his ideal job before we got engaged, but after five years of dating I was ready for commitment. He decided to take a ?leap of faith? as he called it, which paid off when he received an offer for his perfect job while we were on our honeymoon.

While some of these issues depend on your situation, many of Grace?s questions I would say are mandatory?things like monogamy and readiness for commitment. But I don?t want to give away all the secrets, so without further ado, here is Grace?s guest post:

5 Questions to Ask Yourself if You are Considering Marriage

by Grace Pamer

It?s a sad fact, but today too many people are no longer strangers to the concept of divorce. For some, it could have been their own parents who divorced when they were young. Others may have stood up at a best friend?s wedding, only to see the relationship dissolve a few years later. The point is that dissolution of marriage is not a rare occurrence today ? it can leave many individuals questioning if they are truly ready for this commitment, even when deeply in love with their partners.

The first step to warming those cold feet is to recognize that getting married has nothing to do with statistics or the relationship health of your friends and family. Being ready for marriage comes down to only one thing ? you. It is an inward journey you must take, having nothing to do with the external world or experiences of others.

The following points are five ways I believe you will know if you are ready for marriage:

1. Are You Ready For A Monogamous Relationship?

One thing that is expected from marriage is monogamy. Many people don?t commit, at least not until later in life, because they feel they aren?t ready to make such a commitment for the rest of their lives.

People who are ready for marriage want a special someone to share their lives with. They don?t view monogamy as a sacrifice ? they are happy and secure with the idea of having a perfect lover and a friend, all in one person, until death do they part.

2. Are Large Ambitions And Goals Met?

Loving couples can happily endure anything, so this doesn?t imply that life stops once you are married. But if you have a large list of desires you wish to accomplish before saying ?I do? it is important to acknowledge that.

Examples would be going through medical school, spending a year abroad or any other large time commitment that could start a marriage off on the wrong foot. Again, couples can accomplish any of these things together. But if you have a large list of independent goals you wish to accomplish solo, then take time to be certain now is the right time to be married.

3. Are You Ready For Commitment?

Healthy couples aren?t threatened when one partner spends time with other friends and family, as long as time is also devoted to the relationship as well. But being married does involve more time with one person. Never being home, coming home late after your spouse is in bed each night ? these things will take a toll.

Commitment isn?t a bad word. It is about love and respect for your lover and friend. Building a life together, sharing a home ? these are good things with the right person. However, if you find it hard to imagine not being out every evening, spending weekends with friends or being accountable to another person, then this might not be the right time to consider marriage.

4. Do You Feel External Pressure?

When you think of marriage, if there is any hint of pressure to say, ?I do,? you need to take time and acknowledge that feeling. When considering marriage, pressure can come in many forms. One in particular could be media?s influence, as we are constantly bombarded with?marriage proposal stories?and news of the latest Hollywood engagement.

Your own age might make you feel like a clock is ticking and time is running out. Family or friends might be pressuring you to walk down the aisle. You may have been with your lover a very long time, feeling obligated to move on to the next step. None of the above should be considered reasons to get married. There shouldn?t be any feeling of pressure involved in your decision, only enthusiasm and excitement about marrying your best friend.

5. Is It Based On Love Or Need?

The final step in analyzing if you are ready for marriage is the most difficult one ? being brutally honest with yourself. Many people get married for the wrong reasons, those reasons being buried deep inside their own personalities and underlying fears.

If your self-esteem is low, you fear being alone later in life, seek validation and self-worth from others or cannot stand spending time with just yourself, these issues must be addressed before you can be ready for marriage. A healthy relationship requires two healthy individuals, ones who both contribute to the marriage. Depending on another to validate your worth cannot sustain a relationship over time.

Being ready for marriage entails wanting to share your life with someone you love ? it isn?t about needing someone to give your life merit.

About the author:

Grace Pamer is a work from home mom and author of Romance Never Dies, which provides a resource for all those seeking romantic ideas and inspiration whether for a date, a marriage proposal or in a long term relationship. As featured in Cosmopolitan.com, CanadianLiving.com, FoxNews.com, YourTango.com and many more.

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Thanks, Grace, for the guest post. Readers, what question do you feel are most important to ask yourself before getting married?

Lori Lowe is the author of?First Kiss to Lasting Bliss: Hope & Inspiration for Your Marriage. It tells the inspiring, true stories of couples who used adversity to improve their marriages?from overcoming drug addiction to cancer, infidelity, religious differences, family interference and infertility, among many others. It?s available at?Amazon.com?and in all e-book formats at?www.LoriDLowe.com.

Photo by Surachai courtesy of freedigitalphotos.net.

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Source: http://marriagegems.com/2013/01/21/5-questions-to-ask-about-marriage-readiness/

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